The aim of this chapter is to provide an evidence-based overview of breech vaginal delivery in both term and preterm pregnancies, including a comprehensive review of the Term Breech Trial and its impact worldwide. In select patients, planned vaginal delivery of the breech-presenting fetus is encouraged by several professional societies today. More recent evidence, however, has refuted these findings. The Term Breech Trial, published in 2000, reported an increased risk of short-term complications in singleton breech vaginal deliveries. In the United States, more than 85% of pregnant women with persistent breech presentation are delivered by cesarean delivery. The incidence of breech presentation at term is approximately 3–4%.
